How to learn better using psychology

How you can start to learn better: Psychology tools every learner should know

You don’t need to be a neuroscientist to learn like one. Whether you’re a student tackling midterms or a lifelong learner brushing up on new skills, understanding a few key principles from psychology can transform how you study and retain information. Motivation, memory, and stress aren’t just personal challenges - they’re measurable variables you can work with. Below, we break down how to apply real cognitive science to make your learning sharper, more resilient, and less overwhelming.

Make motivation work for you

Learning isn’t just about what you know - it’s about why you want to know it. The most sustainable kind of motivation doesn’t come from gold stars or test scores. It comes from within. When you feel in control of your choices and see a connection between your actions and your goals, you’re more likely to keep going. This is what self-determination theory calls intrinsic motivation, and it flourishes when you're fulfilling autonomy builds drive. If you're learning something just to get it over with, you’ll struggle to stick with it. But if you understand how that skill fits your goals, you tap into long-term drive.

Learn the science behind what works

If psychology-based learning strategies are helping you, it might be time to understand why they work. Fields like cognitive science and behavioral analysis provide the foundation for tactics like spaced repetition, self-regulated learning, and emotional regulation. When you study how attention, memory, and mood interact, you start to see patterns - and more importantly, how to influence them. A degree in online psychology and social science can deepen that insight, equipping you to apply these tools more deliberately in your studies, work, or even parenting.

Use spacing to remember more with less effort

It might feel productive to cram the night before a test, but your brain has other ideas. Memories don’t stick when they’re squished together in a single sitting. Instead, spacing your study sessions - what researchers call distributed practice - makes recall stronger and longer lasting. Rather than rereading the same notes five times in one day, spread those reviews out over a week. Tools like flashcards or spaced-repetition apps automate this timing, but even a calendar and timer can help. This technique works because spacing study sessions boosts recall, letting your brain consolidate the material and reducing mental fatigue.

Don’t just read - quiz yourself

Passive learning is a trap. Highlighting, rereading, or watching a video again can create an illusion of mastery, but doesn’t test whether you actually know the material. Instead, pull the information out of your brain. This practice, called active recall, is one of the most powerful ways to strengthen memory. Write down what you remember, use digital flashcards, or teach the concept to someone else. It’s okay to be wrong - that’s part of the process. Recalling something from memory and then correcting it actually makes the memory stronger. In short, quizzing yourself strengthens retention - and it's one of the fastest ways to find your blind spots.

Stress doesn’t have to sabotage you

Stress shrinks your working memory and clouds your ability to think clearly - just when you need it most. But it’s not just about avoiding stress; it’s about managing it in the moment. Breath work, mindfulness, and even quick physical movement can reset your mental state before a big exam or a study session. One underrated tactic? Slow, deliberate breathing. It lowers cortisol, stabilizes your heartbeat, and gives you space to regroup. Deep breathing eases exam nerves, especially when paired with positive self-talk and realistic goals. You're not trying to eliminate all stress - just turn it into something you can handle.

Own your learning process

Success isn’t just about effort. It’s about strategy. Self-regulated learners don’t just power through - they plan, track, and adjust. Before jumping into a textbook, pause to set a goal. While studying, check whether you're focused or drifting. Afterward, ask: What worked? What didn’t? This feedback loop isn’t fancy - it’s just honest. And over time, it makes a huge difference. Whether you're prepping for certification or learning Spanish for fun, steering your own learning path increases both efficiency and confidence. It turns learning from a grind into something you can shape and refine.

Believe you can learn hard things

One of the strongest predictors of learning success isn’t intelligence - it’s self-efficacy: your belief that you can handle challenges and grow. When you expect to fail, you protect yourself by not trying as hard. But when you believe your effort matters, you start to behave differently - you persist longer, seek out help, and interpret mistakes as feedback, not verdicts. That belief isn’t fluff. It’s foundational. Learning becomes less about “being smart” and more about building skills through effort. Ultimately, believing you can master challenges makes you more likely to do just that.

You don’t have to master all of psychology to become a better learner. But a few targeted shifts - like spacing your study, using active recall, and managing stress - can radically improve what you get out of your time. These aren’t just hacks. They’re how your brain actually works. And the more you align with it, the easier learning becomes. So whether you’re cramming for finals or teaching yourself a new skill on nights and weekends, remember: the tools are already there. Now it’s about using them.

Dive into a world of knowledge and inspiration at Mr. Robertson’s Corner, where students, families, and educators come together to explore history, critical thinking, and more.

United States naturalization process

Becoming a United States citizen through naturalization culminates in an interview and two tests - one on English and one on U.S. civics. Understanding exactly what you’ll face, and how to prepare, is the key to walking into that interview room confident and ready to succeed.

1. What the Naturalization Interview and Tests Entail

The Interview

Before any tests begin, you’ll meet with a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer. You’ll review your Form N-400 (“Application for Naturalization”), confirm biographical details, and discuss any updates since you filed. The officer will assess your ability to understand and respond in English; nothing fancy - just conversation about your background and your reasons for seeking citizenship.

The English Test

The English portion has three parts:

• Speaking. Assessed throughout your interview. The officer gauges how well you can understand questions and respond in conversational English.
• Reading. You’ll read aloud up to three sentences correctly to demonstrate basic comprehension. Sentences come from a standardized list provided by USCIS.
• Writing. You’ll write up to three sentences correctly, again drawn from a USCIS list, to show you can form simple written statements.

If you qualify for an exemption or waiver (for example, you’re over a certain age with many years as a permanent resident), USCIS may waive reading/writing requirements - but you still take the civics test.

The Civics Test

This is a question-and-answer session about U.S. history, government structure, and civic principles. As of the 2020 revision:

• Question pool. There are 100 possible questions.
• Test format. The officer will ask up to 10 questions; you must answer at least 6 correctly to pass.
• Topics covered. Principles of American democracy, system of government, rights and responsibilities, colonial period and independence, 1800s, recent American history, geography - and foundational symbols, holidays, and important national figures.

2. Effective Resources

USCIS Official Materials

• 100 Civics Questions and Answers. The PDF you download from uscis.gov is the definitive source.
• Reading and Writing Vocabulary Lists. Every sentence you might read or write appears here.

Mobile Apps and Websites

• Apps like “US Citizenship” (iOS/Android) that quiz you on civics questions with spaced-repetition algorithms.
• Interactive sites (e.g., civicspracticepro.com) offering timed quizzes, flashcards, and practice interviews.

Community Classes and Adult Education

• Many public libraries, community colleges, and non-profits run free or low-cost citizenship preparation classes.
• These often combine English-language instruction with civics preparation.

Textbooks and Study Guides

• Commercial guides (e.g., “Citizen Test Prep” by Kaplan) that bundle practice tests, vocabulary exercises, and reading passages with study tips.
• Workbooks with fill-in exercises and mock interviews.

Flashcards

• Printable or digital flashcards for all 100 civics questions. Flashcards force active recall, which boosts retention.

3. Proven Study Strategies

Set a Consistent Schedule

Designate at least three 30-minute sessions each week. Small, frequent study beats one marathon cram session.

Use Spaced Repetition

Whether via an app or a DIY system (index cards sorted by “know,” “almost,” and “don’t know”), revisit harder questions more often and easier questions less often.

Simulate the Interview

• Mock Conversations. Practice speaking with a friend or tutor. Let them ask you random civics questions and have you respond in full sentences.
• Timed Reading/Writing Drills. Use the official vocabulary lists to time yourself reading three sentences aloud and writing three within a one-minute window.

Group Study

Joining a study group lets you benefit from teaching others (which cements your own knowledge) and exposes you to questions you might not have practiced yet.

Focus on Weaknesses

Track your scores on practice quizzes. If you consistently miss questions about, say, the Bill of Rights or the U.S. Senate, block out extra time to review those areas.

Engage Multiple Senses

• Listen. Download audio recordings of the civics questions and read-aloud sentences.
• Write. Keep a notebook of your answers and write out full responses to practice formulating clear, correct sentences.
• Speak. Record yourself and compare your pronunciation against native speakers.

4. Day-of-Test Tips

• Bring originals and copies of all required documents.
• Arrive early, dress comfortably yet professionally, and bring water.
• Stay calm. If you don’t immediately know an answer, take a breath. Skip to the next question if needed and come back.

5. Conclusion

The U.S. naturalization test is rigorous, but entirely conquerable with structured preparation. Mastery of 100 civics questions, confidence in basic English reading/writing, and regular mock interviews will set you on a smooth path to citizenship. Start early, use official materials as your backbone, layer in apps and community support, and follow a disciplined, multi-sensory study plan. On test day, bring your best self - and get ready to take the final step toward becoming an American citizen.

Test-taking and test preparation strategies

A student's guide to test-taking and test preparation strategies

Taking tests can sometimes feel stressful, but with the right strategies, you can feel confident and ready to succeed! This guide is here to help you learn the best ways to prepare for tests and perform your best during the test itself. Let’s dive into some strategies to make studying and test-taking easier.

Part 1: How to prepare for a test

1. Start early
Don’t wait until the night before the test to study! Start reviewing your notes a few days (or even a week) in advance. This will help you avoid cramming and reduce stress.

2. Create a study plan
Break down the material you need to study into smaller sections. Create a plan where you review one or two sections each day. This will make the study process easier and help you remember more.

Example: If you have a science test on four topics (like plants, animals, habitats, and the water cycle), review one topic each day.

3. Use flashcards
Flashcards are great for memorizing key facts, vocabulary words, or math formulas. Write down important information, a vocab word, or question on one side, and the answer or definition on the other. Test yourself or ask a friend or family member to quiz you.

4. Practice with old tests or worksheets
Ask your teacher if they have any practice tests or worksheets you can review. These can help you understand the types of questions that might appear on the test.

Bonus tip: Try setting a timer when you practice to get used to working within a time limit.

5. Explain concepts to someone else
One of the best ways to know if you’ve truly understood something is to explain it to someone else. Teach a family member or a friend what you’ve learned. If you can explain it clearly, you’re likely ready for the test.

6. Stay organized
Keep your notes, textbooks, and worksheets organized. Use folders, binders, or a study notebook to help you find what you need quickly.

7. Take breaks and stay active
While studying, take short breaks to rest your brain. Every 30-40 minutes, stand up, stretch, or take a walk. This will help you stay focused and avoid burnout.

Part 2: Strategies for during the test

1. Read the directions carefully
At the beginning of the test, make sure to read the instructions for each section. Don’t rush! This will help you understand what the test is asking you to do and avoid mistakes.

2. Skim through the test first
Once you get your test, quickly look over the whole thing. Notice how many questions there are and what kinds of questions (multiple choice, short answer, essays, etc.). This can help you plan your time better.

3. Start with the questions you know
It’s okay if you don’t know the answer to every question right away. Start with the ones you know best. This will give you confidence and save time for more challenging questions later.

4. Use the process of elimination
For multiple-choice questions, if you’re unsure of the answer, try eliminating the choices you know for sure are wrong. This increases your chances of picking the correct answer from the remaining choices.

5. Don’t rush - but watch the clock
It’s important not to rush through the test, but also make sure you’re aware of how much time you have. A good strategy is to divide the time by the number of questions, so you know, on average, about how much time you can spend on each one.

Example: If you have 60 minutes and 30 questions, spend about 2 minutes per question.

6. Check your work
If you finish early, use the extra time to review your answers. Double-check your math work, reread your short answers, and make sure you didn’t skip any questions.

7. Stay calm and breathe
If you start feeling nervous or stuck, take a deep breath. Staying calm helps you think more clearly. Remember, you’ve prepared for this!

Part 3: After the test - review your results

1. Go over the correct answers
When you get your test back, review the correct answers. Understanding what you got right will help you remember for future tests.

2. Learn from mistakes
If you got questions wrong, don’t worry! Mistakes are a part of learning. Ask your teacher or a parent to help explain the correct answers so you can understand where you went wrong.

3. Keep a positive attitude
Whether you did well or not as well as you hoped, stay positive. Use the test as a learning experience to help you do even better next time. Celebrate the effort you put into studying and taking the test.

Part 4: Extra study tips for different subjects

Math

• Practice different types of problems (word problems, equations, etc.).
• Memorize important formulas (like area or perimeter).
• Show your work on paper, even during practice.

Reading and English

• Practice reading comprehension by asking questions about what you’ve read (who, what, where, when, why, how).
• Review grammar rules, like punctuation, capitalization, and sentence structure.
• Practice writing short summaries of what you’ve read.

Science

• Use diagrams and charts to understand concepts.
• Memorize key vocabulary and terms.
• Practice explaining scientific processes or cycles (like the water cycle).

Social Studies

• Make a timeline of important events for history tests.
• Practice naming and labeling places on a map.
• Summarize key points about historical figures or events.

Final thoughts

Remember, tests are just one way to show what you’ve learned. With preparation, a calm attitude, and the right strategies, you can feel confident and ready for success. Keep practicing, stay organized, and always try your best!

Good luck on your next test - you’ve got this!

Tutor in Sioux Falls

For further information, and to inquire about rates, please do not hesitate to reach out to Aaron by e-mail at therobertsonholdingsco@yahoo.com, or by phone at 414-418-2278.

Aaron S. Robertson, publisher of the Mr. Robertson's Corner blog for middle school students, high school students, college undergraduate students, and adult learners, moved in August 2024 from the greater Milwaukee area in Wisconsin to Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He is a professional educator and experienced tutor offering personalized and effective tutoring and consulting services to lifelong learners of all ages, including adult learners, in the Sioux Falls - Ellis - Hartford - Brandon - Tea - Harrisburg - area.

A complimentary initial consultation is provided. Meetings can take place during the day (over summer, winter, and spring breaks), in the evenings, or on the weekends; at your home, the local public library, or a local coffee shop.

"With my business background prior to entering the field of education, I really enjoy helping students make meaningful connections between what they're learning in the classroom and real-world work and life situations."

Aaron's qualifications include:

• Currently teaching grades 5/6 at St. Joseph Academy, a Catholic classical school in Sioux Falls
• Currently a K-12 substitute teacher, substitute paraprofessional, and substitute after-school care assistant for Bishop O'Gorman Catholic Schools in Sioux Falls
• Six years (2018-2024) experience as a full-time special education paraprofessional and substitute teacher having served several public school districts throughout southeastern Wisconsin, as well as several Roman Catholic schools in the Milwaukee area
• Long-term substitute teaching assignments included K-8 art, 6th grade special education, 7th grade special education, and 5-8 math intervention
• Experience in working with homeschooling families
• Experience in liberal arts and classical pedagogies, including mimetic instruction, narration, and seminar discussion
• Experience in adult education and the unique needs, goals, strengths, and challenges that adult learners have and face 
• Member of the National Tutoring Association
• Currently pursuing a master's degree in theology from Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology in Franklin, Wisconsin
  
• Former Ph.D. student in Cardinal Stritch University's leadership program, with an interest in China's artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives, its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), U.S. - China Cold War theory, and Realism in International Relations (IR) - University closed in spring 2023
• Master of Science in Management degree from Cardinal Stritch University, 2013
• Bachelor of Arts degree in political science with minors in sociology and philosophy, a certificate in integrated leadership, and a non-credit certificate for a course in entrepreneurship from Cardinal Stritch University, 2007
• Former board member of both the Muskego Area Chamber of Commerce & Tourism, and the Hales Corners Chamber of Commerce
• Former president of Muskego's Library Board
• Other past leadership roles in the Muskego community, including with the Kiwanis, Lions, and Rotary clubs
• Former facilitator of a mastermind networking group whose members worked together on common business challenges and business education
• 25+ years combined experience in areas like marketing, sales support, customer service, strategic planning, professional writing and communications, distribution, training, operations management, general bookkeeping, and entrepreneurship

General subjects available, in no particular order:

• ACT and SAT test prep
• Research Skills
• Study Skills
• Self-Advocacy
• Middle School Math, including Pre-Algebra
• Reading Comprehension
  
• Writing and Essays
• Roman Catholic faith - catechism, theology, Church history
  
• AP courses: English Language and Composition, Comparative Government and Politics, Macroeconomics, Psychology, United States Government and Politics, United States History
  
• Career Readiness & Workforce Development (mock job interviews, resume help, soft skills, career assessments, field trips, networking opportunities, help identifying majors and education tracks)
• Business and Management
• Marketing
• Online marketing and social media for business
• Entrepreneurship
• Leadership
• Personal Finance, Investing, and Economics
• Organizational Culture
• U.S. History
• American Government
• Political parties and movements in the U.S. (present and historical)
• Soviet Union: general history, government, politics, the Cold War
  
• China: general history, government, its current artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its entrepreneurial climate, U.S. - China Cold War theory
• International Relations (IR)
• Realism in International Relations (IR)
  
• Political Theory
• Economic Theory
• Sociological Theory
• Philosophy
• Psychology
  
• Test Prep
• Advice on scholarship application essays
• General Educational Development (GED) tutoring
• Naturalization Interview and Civics Test tutoring for those pursuing United States citizenship

For further information, and to inquire about rates, please do not hesitate to reach out to Aaron by e-mail at therobertsonholdingsco@yahoo.com, or by phone at 414-418-2278.

Finding the Right Sioux Falls Tutor: What to Look for in a High-Quality Sioux Falls Educator and Tutor

When it comes to academic achievement, many students and families in South Dakota’s largest city are searching for a reliable Sioux Falls tutor. Whether the goal is to improve grades, prepare for standardized tests, or develop better study habits, the right tutor can make all the difference. However, finding that perfect fit can be challenging. From qualifications to personality to teaching style, there’s no shortage of factors to consider. In this guide, we’ll delve into what students and parents should look for when they’re on the hunt for a top-notch Sioux Falls tutor who can truly drive learning success.

1. Proven Expertise and Qualifications

A primary consideration when seeking a Sioux Falls tutor is their area of expertise and professional background. Qualifications can come in various forms - some tutors may hold a teaching license, while others might be college professors, graduate students, or professionals with deep knowledge of a specific subject.

• Subject Mastery: If a student needs help with high school algebra, then a tutor with a strong mathematical background is critical. If the student needs assistance in writing, look for someone with a demonstrated command of language arts or journalism.
• Relevant Certifications: A professional teaching license or credential may indicate the tutor understands how to manage diverse learning styles.
• Academic Achievements: Tutors who have consistently excelled in their own studies, participated in academic clubs, or conducted research in a particular field may offer advanced insights and up-to-date knowledge.

2. Teaching Experience and Track Record

Experience matters, especially when the goal is to help a student overcome particular academic challenges. An effective Sioux Falls tutor isn’t just knowledgeable - they also know how to communicate concepts in a way that resonates with each individual student.

• Years of Tutoring: Someone who has spent several years tutoring will likely have honed their techniques and approaches.
• Track Record of Success: Ask prospective tutors for references, recommendations, or success stories. If previous clients share how the tutor helped them turn failing grades into top scores, that’s a strong indicator.
• Experience with Similar Student Demographics: A tutor who specializes in helping middle-schoolers transition into more complex subject matter, or who has worked extensively with high-schoolers, understands the academic and developmental challenges at those levels.

3. Personalized Learning Approach

One major reason families seek a private Sioux Falls tutor - rather than relying on conventional classroom instruction - is the benefit of individual attention. Look for a tutor who personalizes lesson plans to match a student’s abilities, learning style, and pace.

• Diagnostic Assessment: High-quality tutors usually start by assessing a student’s strengths, weaknesses, and goals. This might involve reviewing past tests, homework assignments, or using diagnostic quizzes to pinpoint areas of struggle.
• Customized Lesson Plans: Rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all curriculum, a great tutor creates targeted lessons that keep the student both challenged and supported.
• Adaptable Teaching Methods: Visual learners might need diagrams or videos, while kinesthetic learners might thrive on interactive activities. The best Sioux Falls tutors can tailor lessons to these individual preferences.

4. Clear and Open Communication

Open lines of communication between a tutor, student, and parents are crucial for progress. Before hiring a tutor in Sioux Falls, consider how they plan to update you on your student’s performance and goals.

• Progress Reports: Some tutors provide regular written or verbal reports detailing how the student is improving, what areas need more focus, and which methods have proven most successful.
• Collaborative Goal-Setting: Ensure there’s alignment on academic targets - such as acing the next math test, improving reading fluency, or preparing for the ACT.
• Feedback Loop: A tutor who encourages questions and feedback from both the student and parents is generally more effective. They can pivot quickly if a particular method or resource isn’t working.

5. Familiarity with Sioux Falls Curriculum and Standards

Local knowledge can be a game-changer. A tutor in Sioux Falls who knows the academic benchmarks and curriculum of the local school districts and school systems, be they public or private - like Sioux Falls School District, Bishop O'Gorman Catholic Schools, St. Joseph Academy, etc. - will be better prepared to provide relevant and strategic guidance.

• Alignment with State Standards: Understanding South Dakota’s academic standards ensures that tutoring sessions reinforce classroom learning and don’t introduce contradictory methods.
• Awareness of Local Exams and Assessments: Whether it’s the Smarter Balanced Assessment or local district-wide tests, a tutor who’s familiar with these evaluations can structure sessions to boost test-taking confidence and skills.
• Connection to Local Resources: Tutors plugged into the Sioux Falls education community may know about additional resources - such as local libraries, academic clubs, or community programs - that can further support student growth.

6. Positive Reviews and Reputation in the Community

Word of mouth remains one of the most reliable ways to identify a trusted Sioux Falls tutor. If you’re hearing consistent praise about someone’s ability to clarify tough concepts, maintain a professional schedule, and yield results, that’s a strong indication of quality.

• Online Testimonials: Local directories, social media pages, and tutoring platforms often include testimonials from former clients. Look for details about improvements in test scores or increased self-confidence.
• Local Referrals: Teachers, school counselors, or even other parents are great sources for recommendations. Sometimes, the best tutors aren’t widely advertised but have busy schedules based on glowing word-of-mouth alone.
• Professional Partnerships: Tutors who collaborate with local schools, educational nonprofits, or after-school programs have additional credibility because these institutions usually vet tutors before partnering with them.

7. Flexible Scheduling and Availability

In a busy family, it’s essential that a Sioux Falls tutor can work with the student’s school hours, extracurricular activities, and other commitments. Remember, consistent sessions are key to sustained academic improvement.

• After-School Sessions: Many families prefer late afternoon or early evening slots. A tutor who offers flexibility, or can even meet on weekends, may be more accommodating to your schedule.
• Location: Decide whether you need in-person sessions at your home, at the local library, or if you’re open to online tutoring. Some tutors offer a hybrid approach that blends the convenience of online learning with the familiarity of face-to-face instruction.
• Lesson Duration: Talk with your tutor about the ideal session length. Some students benefit from quick, focused sessions, while others might need longer blocks for in-depth discussions and practice.

8. Commitment to Building Confidence and Independence

Tutoring is not just about solving one difficult math problem or proofreading a single essay. The ultimate goal is to help the student become a confident, independent learner. A great tutor in Sioux Falls fosters an environment where students develop a lifelong love of learning.

• Encouragement of Critical Thinking: Rather than simply giving answers, a tutor who asks guiding questions helps the student learn to solve problems independently.
• Study Skills and Organization: Beyond subject matter, tutoring can help students learn how to better organize notes, manage their time, and prepare effectively for tests.
• Motivation Techniques: Positive reinforcement, structured goal-setting, and celebrating small milestones can boost a student’s self-esteem and overall enthusiasm for schoolwork.

9. Professionalism and Reliability

While a friendly demeanor is important, professionalism is equally crucial. This includes punctuality, preparedness, respect for the student’s time, and maintaining a consistent tutoring schedule.

• Background Checks: Many parents feel more comfortable hiring tutors who’ve undergone background checks or screenings, especially when sessions take place at home.
• Professional Approach: A reliable Sioux Falls tutor shows up on time, communicates any schedule changes well in advance, and has structured lesson plans ready to go.
• Reasonable Pricing: While high-level experts may charge more, transparent pricing and clear policies (such as cancellation fees or travel expenses) help everyone stay on the same page.

10. The Option of Online Tutoring

With technological advancements, online tutoring has become a convenient alternative for some families. If you can’t find the perfect local tutor, you might consider online sessions tailored to Sioux Falls students.

• Wider Tutor Pool: Online tutoring platforms give access to specialized experts from across the country who might not be available locally.
• Time and Fuel Savings: No need to commute - students can log in from the comfort of their home. This can open up more scheduling options and reduce travel stress.
• Digital Tools: Many online tutors use interactive whiteboards, shared documents, and educational apps to make virtual sessions as engaging and hands-on as face-to-face instruction.

Conclusion: Make the Most of Your Sioux Falls Tutoring Search

Finding the right Sioux Falls tutor can transform a student’s academic outlook and performance. The journey often begins with pinpointing the child’s specific needs - whether it’s catching up on reading comprehension, tackling advanced calculus, or mastering critical study skills. From there, focus on tutoring professionals who have proven expertise, demonstrate effective communication, and align with local standards and teaching methods. Don’t forget to look for a tutor who blends approachability with professionalism, fosters genuine confidence in the student, and fits the family’s schedule.

A top-tier Sioux Falls tutor isn’t just another educational expense; it’s an investment in a child’s future, self-esteem, and love of learning. With the right support structure in place, students of all ages can conquer academic challenges and discover their true potential. Take your time in the search, ask plenty of questions, and rest assured that a solid partnership with an excellent tutor can open the door to lasting academic success.

Prepare for the ACT test

Preparing for the ACT test - Six strategies and methods to get you ready for the big day!

Introduction

Are you preparing to take the ACT test? If so, you’ll want to make sure you are as prepared as possible. Taking the time to properly prepare for this exam can mean a big difference in your score. Here, we’ll discuss six strategies and methods that will help you prepare effectively for the ACT test.

1. Familiarize yourself with the format of the exam – Before taking any kind of test, it is important to familiarize yourself with the format. Become accustomed with how many questions there are, how much time is allotted for each section and what types of questions comprise each section. Knowing this information ahead of time will help ensure that you don’t get caught off guard on test day.

2. Practice questions – Look up practice questions online or in study guides and work through them as if they were part of an actual exam. Doing this helps build your skills and confidence in problem-solving and can help identify areas where more focus may be needed.

3. Take practice tests – There are several practice tests available online or at your local library that will allow you to experience taking an ACT test without actually having to take it (though nothing beats taking an actual practice test under real testing conditions). These tests provide a good idea of what it is like to sit through an entire test and give insight into areas where more focus may be needed to increase your score.

4. Create a study schedule – It is important when studying for any type of exam to create a study schedule so that there is no last-minute cramming involved. Make sure that you set aside enough time each day or week leading up to the exam so that all material can be adequately covered before testing day arrives.

5. Get support from others – Ask friends and family who have taken the ACT before for advice on preparing for it or seek out support from professionals such as tutors or teachers who specialize in helping students prepare for exams like these. It never hurts to ask!

6. Get plenty of rest and eat healthy meals - Finally, be sure to get enough sleep leading up to your ACT test date - at least eight hours per night should do it - and get in the habit of eating healthy, balanced meals, too, if you're not already doing so, so that you’ll have enough energy for success!

Conclusion

Taking standardized tests can be intimidating, but with proper preparation, success can be achieved! By following these six strategies or methods when preparing for the ACT test, it will help ensure that you feel confident going into the big day knowing that you have done all you can do ahead of time to increase your chances of success! Good luck on your upcoming exam!

If you enjoyed this post and found it helpful, check out this page featuring many more ACT test strategies.

Are the ACT and SAT still needed?

The ACT and SAT tests - still relevant?

Lately, there's been a lot of talk circulating about a growing number of colleges and universities across the country scrapping ACT and SAT test scores as part of their admissions requirements. Indeed, according to an article that appeared in a special section of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel back on September 26, 2021, citing data from the educational consulting firm IvyWise, a whopping, "Seventy-two percent of colleges and universities adopted test-optional policies for the 2021-22 school year, and some schools are now extending that policy for the next one to two years..." (College & Career Guide, 2021, para. 5).

The article explains that the COVID-19 pandemic has certainly played a role in all of this, but that the practice of forgoing these test scores in the admissions process is not entirely new. In fact, according to the article, citing information from an education-focused financial planning resource called Edmit, "Since the mid-2000s, various universities have included test-optional clauses in their admissions policies" (College & Career Guide, 2021, para. 3).

Among the many colleges and universities that have eliminated, for now, ACT and SAT test score requirements, are, "...Cornell University, Penn State, Williams College, Amherst College, Boston College, and Columbia University" (College & Career Guide, 2021, para. 5).

But whether or not your top college choices are taking ACT / SAT scores into consideration at this time, it's still to your benefit to take the test(s), and to put forth your best effort with adequate preparation.

Even if the schools on your shortlist aren't looking at these test scores, the scores may still open doors to you in other ways. Try to see the test(s) more as a standalone, independent credential that can help pave the way to other academic and financial rewards and opportunities, rather than simply another standard item to check off on the college admissions "to do" list. Let's dive deeper and explore some examples.

The ACT / SAT and scholarship money

Many outside scholarship contests not affiliated with your chosen college(s) still look at these scores to differing degrees when determining who they are going to award. Many of these scholarships are local, coming from organizations like your own community's chamber of commerce; Lions, Kiwanis, Rotary, Moose, and Elk service clubs; neighborhood businesses and perhaps even your parents'/guardians' employers; etc. In short, many organizations and businesses that award scholarships are still taking these test scores into consideration. Some may weigh test scores less or more so than others, but nonetheless, they are being taken into some consideration. It's to your advantage, then, to still take these tests seriously. Not doing so may cause you to leave serious scholarship money on the table.

A possible resume builder?

A noteworthy test score(s) can potentially be used to your advantage on your resume/CV, at least for a time being early on, during the remainder of your high school years and into your college years. Combined with some solid work and service experiences, an excellent score(s) can be an additional way you demonstrate to employers and academic institutions/opportunities that you mean business.  

An objective, proven measure of skill mastery and academic potential

While test scores are far from being the only tool to measure knowledge, ability, and potential, they arguably provide a more objective, at-a-glance, snapshot of your capabilities. Noteworthy scores demonstrate in a quick and easy-to-understand format that you not only possess a good amount of academic knowledge, but also, and perhaps more importantly, that you can think critically and act strategically, as well.

Preparing you for college

Finally, a solid score on the ACT, and/or the SAT if you choose to take this test, demonstrates that you are indeed prepared to handle college-level work. Now, even if the schools you're seeking admission to are not considering these test scores as part of their admissions requirements, at least demonstrate to yourself - for yourself - that you are prepared for college-level work. At the end of the day, you're the one responsible for ensuring you're capable and up to the task. It's not the school that's responsible. You may be admitted to your dream college or university without having to submit these scores, but you can just as easily find yourself burning out and perhaps even dropping/flunking out. That's the stark reality of it. Take the test(s) seriously, to the absolute best of your ability, and do it for you, if for no one else. Do it for you.

Now, doing well on the ACT demonstrates that you have at least been keeping pace with grade-level work all these years. In other words, you're where you should be at, generally speaking. You're performing at grade level. Doing well on the SAT, meanwhile, shows that you're generally performing above grade level.        

Conclusion

While many colleges and universities across the country are not taking ACT and SAT test scores into account at this time when deciding on who to admit, it is clear that these tests are still relevant, for a variety of reasons. Solid test scores can still come in handy when competing for outside scholarships. Scores can potentially be used as a resume builder, demonstrating to employers and various academic institutions/opportunities that you take your work seriously. And finally, if for nothing else, noteworthy scores will show you that you're ready to handle college-level work. 

Reference

College & Career Guide.  (2021, September 26).  Colleges extending test-optional practices.  College & Career Guide section, p. 5S.  Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

Preparing for the science test on ACT

Following are some tips and strategies for doing well on the science portion of the ACT test. This advice comes directly from several teachers, as well as a number of students and former students who have taken the ACT test in recent years.

The science portion of the ACT comprises a total of 40 questions, and you have a time limit of 35 minutes. According to this page on KapTest.com, "The ACT Science test will contain 7 passages...The passages fall into three categories: Data Representation, Research Summaries and Conflicting Viewpoints."

For starters, think of the science portion as being more of a reading comprehension and skills-based test, rather than as a science content test. Chances are you probably never learned or will remember half of the actual content (the various scientific vocabulary, concepts, ideas, etc.), if not more. We already know that, so don't let that fact spoil your confidence going into the test. But if you can read, and if you can analyze and draw conclusions from data presented to you at a basic level, you can, and you will, do well on the science portion of the test.

Now that we know to think of the science portion as more of a reading comprehension and skills-based exam rather than as a test identifying your knowledge of actual science content, and now that we've established the fact that you've never learned a lot of the science anyway, it's time to discuss skipping around in the test as a time-saving strategy. Don't just start answering the questions in order. This will most likely hurt you.

As soon as the test begins, take a little time to have a look around. This will help you settle in and get a general lay of the land. You'll want to avoid the conflicting viewpoints questions (they're arguably the most difficult and time-consuming) and instead go straight for the data representation questions. Take a good look at the data (the various charts, graphs, tables, diagrams, etc.) first, before even looking at the questions. Do you spot any easily-recognizable trends in the data right off the bat? Are numbers climbing up? Are they going down? Anything else you spot? Looking at the data first will ultimately help you save time and answer these questions with greater ease.

After you've gotten through the data representation section, you'll next want to tackle the research summaries questions. Save the conflicting viewpoints questions for last.

Some general guidelines and final thoughts here: As with any portion of the ACT test, remember not to take too long on any one question. You don't have time for that. Don't hesitate to guess with the "letter of the day method" if you need to, and just move on. Tying into that point as another general rule of thumb, go through the questions you're most familiar or comfortable with first. You can save the others for later. Don't be afraid to skip around. Like we said earlier, answering the questions in the order given will most likely end up working against you. Finally, remember what we established earlier - don't look at this test as being a science test. It's a reading and skills-based test. If you can read, and if you can answer questions based off of data that is being presented to you, you can, and you will, do well. Many of the answers in this test are right in front of you. You don't have to be familiar with the actual science content. In fact, we know you won't be.

Now go get 'em!

Visit this page for more ACT test strategies and learning resources.

Do you have any thoughts or observations about the ACT science test? Feel free to share your advice and strategies in the comments section below. We'd love to hear and learn from you!

Wisconsin civics exam in high school

If you're a high school student in Wisconsin, you'll be taking a civics exam in order to complete the Wisconsin Civics Graduation Requirement.

According to this page on the Web site of the state's Department of Public Instruction (DPI), "Any students graduating from a Wisconsin high school (starting with the class of 2017) 'takes a civics test comprised of 100 questions that are identical to the 100 questions that may be asked of an individual during the process of applying for U.S. citizenship by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services and the pupil correctly answers at least 65 of those questions'". The full state statute can be found here.

According to the same page on the DPI's Web site, "There are no state funds to administer this test. DPI is not involved in the procurement, grading, or gathering of test scores for this test. Districts are responsible to give the test, score it, and keep records of student scores/passing. It is up to the school/district what format to use, and when in the school year to administer the test."

Following are some helpful resources, strategies, and ideas to help you prepare for this test. If you live in another state that requires you to take a civics test, have no fear - simply take the content of this blog post and tailor it to your own state's standards.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services - Civics Questions & Answers for the Naturalization Test

USCIS - Civics Flash Cards for the Naturalization Test

Flashcards on Quizlet.com

Why you need to understand the basics of government and politics

How to properly prepare for tests and exams

Flashcards a helpful study aid

DPI - Frequently Asked Questions about Act 55/Civics Test Graduation Requirement (includes FAQs for special education students and IEP teams)

High school exam week

For those of you high school students that have semester final exams this week, I wish you the best. Put forth your best effort and be confident in, and proud of, your work.

To help you prepare for your exams and get the most out of them, here are a couple previous posts you may want to check out:

How to properly prepare for tests and exams

Flashcards a helpful study aid

Good luck!

ACT test strategies

Once again, we're entering ACT test prep season. With it comes a slew of ACT practice tests, ACT tutoring, and helpful resource guides and strategies. Here are several previous posts I wrote, along with other resources pulled from the Internet, that may help you as you prepare for the test, in no particular order:

Are the ACT and SAT still needed?

Preparing for the ACT test

The importance of learning outside the classroom

Learning at home during school COVID closures

Flashcards a helpful study aid

Writing prompts for fun and practice

How to properly prepare for tests and exams

Better study habits

Building a general foundation first

Free math worksheets

Preparing for the science test on ACT

Preparing for the ACT test - Six strategies and methods to get you ready for the big day!

How to get more out of reading  

Reading comprehension skills (a longer essay by Aaron S. Robertson from June 2020)

"ACT Tips and Tricks to Reach Your Target Score" (from PrincetonReview.com)

"ACT Test Taking Strategies" (from EducationCorner.com)

I was a slacker in high school

I barely got out of high school on time, and I was either out of my mind or brilliant (or a little bit of both) for taking both the ACT and the SAT, because it was the SAT in the end that got me into my in-state college. At 36 and a Ph.D. student, I still have some regrets. Here's my story. Learn from me.

To use my own words, I was a total slacker in high school. A Slacker with a capital "S". It's been quite a while since I've seen any of the Back to the Future films, but whenever I do see any of them, I can imagine Principal Strickland speaking to me when he calls Marty McFly a slacker. These scenes, I joke, were made just for me.



I barely graduated high school on time. I had to make some credits up through mail order correspondence courses. How I got into college was a miracle. During spring semester of my senior year, I still did not have any schools lined up, because I slacked on applying to any. That was, until a recruiter from Cardinal Stritch University in Milwaukee came out our way to Muskego High School one day for a presentation. I saw a flier hanging on the wall by the guidance office advertising the session and inviting students interested in attending to stop by guidance for a pass. I don't remember what class I had during that time, but I do recall that, whatever it was, I really wanted to skip it. No kidding. I just wanted to get out of class. So, I went down to guidance for my pass. And the rest, as they say, is history. I was immediately sold on the recruiter's presentation. She did an awesome job, and I quickly arranged for a tour of the campus. But now came the tricky part - getting admitted!

Now, I don't remember if I had already taken the ACT and SAT tests (yep, as much as I was a slacker, I took the SAT test for the heck of it!) by the time I met with the Stritch recruiter, or after. I do recall waiting 'til the last minute and taking them during that spring semester of my senior year, though. But I'm thankful I did happen to take the SAT test, because my ACT score ended up being too low to get into Stritch. The school, which ideally preferred the ACT, had a conversion calculator to determine what I would have received on the ACT by taking the SAT, so they used that score. Many say the ACT is supposed to be the easier of the two tests, but I found the opposite to be true in my case. I kept running out of time for each of the sections, and because of that, I left a lot of questions unanswered. Things seemed a lot smoother and more relaxed with the SAT in my case. Anyway, I did well on the admissions essay, and I was ultimately accepted through the university's conditional acceptance program, which meant my grades would be closely monitored for at least my first semester and my participation in co-curricular activities limited for a while. In effect, I was entering the university on academic probation right off the bat.

"Instead of plotting my own destiny, I allowed myself to just sort of drift around in the wind for a while, landing wherever and whenever the wind stopped for a moment or two."

All these years later, Stritch still can't seem to get rid of me, I joke. I'm in the school's Ph.D. program, and I actually joined the student government again this past school year as a senator - at the age of 35. My recruiter still works for Stritch, and we continue to keep in touch from time to time. Wonderful school with a lot of great people. Many happy memories created over the years.

Anyway, I'm sharing all of this with you, first off, because I enjoy looking back in time and laughing at myself and how it's truly a miracle that I managed to get out of high school in time and into college, but most importantly, I really want this to be a teachable moment.

See, I just didn't care about much of anything when I was in high school. It's not that I didn't want to learn. I loved to learn. But on my own terms, I guess. There were a few classes that I really enjoyed and got a lot out of, but the majority of them were just kind of "blah" to me. I was just there because I had to be. I wasn't involved in any clubs or activities, either. I was up very early in the morning for the bus, and so by the time the school day ended and I got off the bus, a ride which seemed to last forever, I just wanted to watch a little TV, eat dinner, and doze off. Some years later, in college, a few of my professors would explain to me that I probably just wasn't engaged. They told me that I obviously had the smarts to get into college, and that they've seen some impressive work produced by me.

Whatever the reason or reasons for my lack of interest and effort in high school, though, I still have some regrets all these years later. I sometimes wonder what opportunities I missed out on - what paths I may have inadvertently closed - by not taking high school more seriously. Instead of plotting my own destiny, I allowed myself to just sort of drift around in the wind for a while, landing wherever and whenever the wind stopped for a moment or two. I got into college mostly by sheer luck. And as much as I love Stritch and feel that the school has certainly prepared me for success in life and career, I still occasionally ask myself, "What if?" What if I had just one more conversation with someone back then on career paths, and that one conversation was the one life-changer I needed? What if my grades and test scores were higher? What if I took more initiative to learn outside of the classroom back then, and, as a result, really found something to be passionate about?

Don't have those same regrets. Don't put yourself in the position of having to wonder about all of the what-ifs. Take advantage of this time you have during these high school years. Start giving some serious thought early on as to what you may want to pursue for a career. Start thinking about any particular training, experiences, and higher education you may need for those careers you're exploring. Network and talk. Have conversations with family, friends of your family, family of your friends, teachers, coaches, guidance counselors, business owners, tradespeople, etc., etc. about options after high school. Research and dive into any relevant volunteer opportunities that may give you an edge on your resume. Time is on your side at this age, but the time will also go quickly enough, so don't squander it.

I joke that I did so poorly in high school the first time around, that I was sent back. Hopefully, I get it right this time, not for me, but for the students and families I have the pleasure and responsibility of serving. Perhaps I finally found my true calling all these years later.

If you enjoyed this post, you may also find these previous posts, High school students and stress, Building a general foundation first, and Preparing for the ACT test, interesting and helpful.     

How to get better at anything

Recently, our school's principal shared with the staff an article from the Harvard Business Review. The article is entitled, "If You Want to Get Better at Something, Ask Yourself These Two Questions," and it's written by Peter Bregman, leadership expert, best-selling author, and CEO.

Our principal thought the article was worth sharing, and I, in turn, definitely think it's worth sharing with all of you. He told us the article reminds him of conversations he recently had with several students regarding the ACT test. These students expressed to him how they wished they had better prepared and studied for the test.

Here are the two questions posed by Mr. Bregman, but I encourage you to read the full article for some awesome context and examples, which you can read by clicking here:

1) Do you want to do better?

2) Are you willing to feel the discomfort of putting in more effort and trying new things that will feel weird and different and won’t work right away?

These are questions that anyone who truly wants to get better at anything needs to really wrestle with. And if you can, after having that internal discussion and debate with yourself, genuinely answer "yes" to both of them, especially to that second one, then you're on your way to some serious improvement.

Being open to trying new approaches and to being accepting of occasional short-term challenges, setbacks, and failures in exchange for the long-term win, is absolutely critical. If you're not open-minded, patient, and willing to put in the work and feel the occasional pain, then success will not come your way.

High school students and stress

Those of you in high school have it tough. We know. We get it. We were once in your shoes, too, and we made it.

There's a lot going on at your age. You're growing at a rapid pace - physically, mentally, emotionally, perhaps even spiritually. Within these few short but jam-packed years, in no particular order, you're learning how to take on more personal responsibility and greater academic challenges in your classes; learning how to drive; getting more serious about relationships of all kinds - family, friendships, dating - and learning how to juggle and navigate them; and, at the same time you're getting your first jobs, the pressure is already on you to start thinking about and exploring careers and any relevant higher education and training you may need for these careers after high school. These are just a few examples of what's going on in your life during these critical years, let alone sports, band, and other clubs and activities you may be involved in.

No doubt, there's a lot being thrown at you all at once.

Following are some tips and strategies, in no particular order, to help you manage these many good - and sometimes not so good - stressors in your life right now.

Sleep, Diet, & Exercise. As I point out in a previous post, How to properly prepare for tests and exams, "It's absolutely critical to get regular rest, especially at your age, when you're still developing. Go for that 7-8 hour range every night, and try to make your sleeping hours consistently the same each night (like 9pm-5am or 10pm-6pm)...Good nutrition is always important. I'm not saying you always have to avoid candy, chips, ice cream, fried and other junk foods. I'm far from being the perfect example when it comes to diet. But try to keep these kinds of foods to a minimum, and work in an adequate amount of the healthy stuff on a consistent basis - your vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, good dairy, etc."

Make sure to get some regular exercise in, as well, even if it's just walking.

Unplug from the phone and social media from time to time. Constantly being on your phone for social media and texting greatly increases your chances of getting into arguments with friends, boyfriends or girlfriends, and other classmates/schoolmates. Trust me. I've seen it happen. Plenty of times. The problem is that, because you're not having an in-person discussion or an actual phone conversation with those on the other end, it becomes all too easy for misunderstandings to sneak in. Elements like tone of voice and facial expression get lost in translation. You may have the best of intentions and still end up being misunderstood. A while back, I advised a student who always seemed to be getting into texting arguments with her boyfriend throughout the day (he attends another school) to suggest to him that they agree to ditch the texting during the day and instead catch up with an actual phone conversation after the school day. They'll have more to chat about, and there's a lot less risk for things to get lost in translation. Nothing beats a real conversation.

Besides all of this, constant texting and social media is simply unproductive. You can be spending this time taking in new knowledge and developing new skills. You can use this time to improve your grades. If it's after the school day or on the weekend, you can even be using this time to earn money by working.

If you haven't already seen it, I suggest checking out the Brain Hacking episode from 60 Minutes, which explores how tech companies are programming phones, phone apps, and social media platforms to be increasingly addicting. It's mind-blowing. Plenty of food for thought.

Take time for yourself. It's important to do this. Do you have a favorite hobby or activity that brings you joy? Is there a particular place that you like to go off to to collect your thoughts, decompress, and just relax?

Ask for help. Never be afraid to seek assistance. Period. There are so many wonderful people and resources around you. Whether you're struggling with homework and keeping up in class, going through some difficult times at home, stuck on which direction to go after high school, etc., etc., plenty of help awaits you. Teachers, guidance counselors, school social workers and psychologists, and coaches are just a few examples of the many caring people you can turn to for a compassionate ear and meaningful advice.

Prioritize. There's only so many hours in a day, and so many years in high school. Learning how to prioritize early on is to your benefit. What do you want to accomplish during your high school years? How will you get there? What habits do you need to develop to help set yourself up for success?

And when it comes to homework and staying organized, a couple of thoughts here ...

Break your homework assignments and larger projects up into smaller pieces

One of the easiest ways to reduce stress is to take whatever task is causing you the stress and break it up into smaller, more manageable pieces. This is a strategy that can certainly be applied to daily homework assignments and larger projects, as well. Don’t think about the assignment or project as a whole. Instead, try to think about it in its smaller parts. Start by picking just one component of the assignment or project – the simpler the better – and get it done. Once that task is completed, pick another. Before you know it, you're on your way to making some serious progress. And where you have work that requires a lot of writing, the easiest thing to do is just start writing. Just get to it. Remember, you can always clean your writing up later on. That's what the editing process is for. All too often, we get stuck on the idea that our writing needs to somehow come out perfect the first time around, and that's why nothing ultimately gets done. I discuss this more in a previous post, Quantity over quality when it comes to idea generation.

So, in short, stop avoiding the daily homework assignment or larger project altogether just because it stresses you out. The longer you avoid it, the more stressed out it’s going to make you feel. Instead of allowing yourself to get stressed out, take a step back and take some time to think about how you can break the assignment or project into smaller, more manageable pieces.

Let's say, for example, you're working on an assignment requiring you to write a detailed comparison of three different products. What are the steps you will need to take in order to complete the assignment? You will need to do some research on each of the products, decide upon their pros and cons, write up a rough draft, and then edit it to perfection. By determining the steps needed to complete the assignment, you can think about which small part you need to complete next instead of stressing over the finished product.

As you can see, breaking things up into a series of smaller tasks will allow you to take a step back from the bigger picture and look at things from a new perspective. By only focusing on a smaller portion at a time, you will feel less stressed out when faced with larger or more difficult tasks. This will make it easier for you to make real progress towards completing the assignment or project at hand. 

Consider choosing a planner to help better manage your time

There are many options when it comes to choosing a planner. Some people prefer electronic planners, while others prefer to use a book or notepad and write their various tasks and appointments in it by hand. Whichever way you choose to go about it, rest assured that using a planner to better manage your time will prove to be a big help if you have a busy schedule.

One of the first things you’ll need to decide when choosing a planner is whether or not you’d prefer to use an electronic one. Electronic planners are available for many devices including smartphones, tablets, and computers, and they often contain features that aren’t available when using a traditional pen-and-paper style planner. Even so, some people still prefer the tangible feel and ease of use provided by a standard book planner.

The other major choice you’ll need to make when choosing a planner is how detailed your schedule will need to be. Will you need one that allows space for hourly plans or will a daily or weekly planner suffice? Also keep in mind that some planners will allow you to write additional notes, while others will not.

As you can see, there are many options when it comes to choosing which planner is right for you. Whether that means managing your time electronically or otherwise, or using an hourly, daily, or weekly planner, the choice is ultimately up to you. By knowing which type best suits your needs, however, you will be able to get the most from your planner, which in turn will allow you to better manage your time.

Preparing for the ACT test

There are many resources and strategies available online and in bookstores, and a lot of advice out there, devoted to the subject of ACT test preparation. In this post, I weigh in by offering my own advice and ideas for preparing for this test.

First, let's cover some real basics about the ACT test. The test is broken up into five sections: English, Math, Reading, Science, and Writing. The test is scored from 1 to 36.

English - 75 questions, 45 minutes
Math - 60 questions, 60 minutes
Reading - 40 questions, 35 minutes
Science - 40 questions, 35 minutes
Writing - Five paragraph essay on a given prompt, 40 minutes

Here's some general advice I've heard from teachers and those who've taken the test in recent years: If you're doing test prep, focus more on the English and Math sections, and you'll do well. For the Reading portion, don't spend too much time on any one question (a good general rule for all sections, actually). You'll need to skim quickly. Reading is arguably the easiest section, but you have to move through it fairly quick due to time constraints. For the Science part, you probably never learned or will remember half this stuff, if not more. But that's certainly okay. We already expect that. Check out this post specifically devoted to preparing for the science test on ACT for some great advice and strategies.

Now, while there are many resources, strategies, and opinions out there on how best to study and prepare for the ACT, I respectfully submit that you should focus more on building your long-term memory retention and learning strategies over an extended period of time, rather than searching for a quick fix to the test, so to speak.  Here's what I propose:

For starters, as I point out in a previous post on how to properly prepare for tests and exams, cramming for any test is a useless strategy. Any benefit that may derive from cramming is far too small to be worth the hassle.

Take all of your classes seriously. If you do, you're already naturally learning, expanding your mind, and preparing for the test. You're learning math; you're practicing and sharpening your reading, writing, and vocabulary skills; you're learning science; you're learning how to think critically and connect the dots to a bigger picture; etc. Commit to taking all of your classes seriously, and seek additional help where needed. There is never any shame in asking for help.

Get in the habit of studying and reviewing regularly. If you do that, you can study for shorter amounts of time at a time, and you can avoid the pains and stress that come with trying to cram. Plus, you're naturally building up your long-term memory.

Supplement your learning in the classroom by learning outside of the classroom. This can be very fun and tailored to your own interests and curiosities. Museums and historical sites, documentaries, insightful conversations with others, participation in clubs and activities at school, reading for enjoyment, and lessons through Khan Academy are just a few examples. Read this previous post for more ideas.

Practice and build on your writing and vocabulary skills with writing prompts.

Consider making use of flash cards when studying and reviewing. You can buy them or create your own for a more tailored studying experience. Making your own will also naturally help with the long-term memory retention because you're actively building your own study aids and learning while you create.

Sure, invest in a good ACT prep guide or two. Attend a practice workshop. Take a couple ACT practice tests. But don't buy/read/attend/take them the week or even several weeks before the actual test and think you're going to instantly master it. Buy these materials far, far in advance, and build them into a regular study and review routine that includes the work you're already doing for your classes. Again, if you can get into the habit of studying and reviewing regularly, you can actually study for shorter amounts of time at a time, while simultaneously strengthening your long-term memory and avoiding the unnecessary pains and lack of results that come with cramming.

Finally, remember that you can retake the test, and know that the test does not define you. Take it from me - I was a total slacker in high school, and I'm now a Ph.D. student.

Best of luck!

"ACT test tips" search on YouTube

"ACT test prep 2019-2020" search on Amazon

"ACT Tips and Tricks to Reach Your Target Score" (from PrincetonReview.com)

Letter of the day method for guessing on tests (from GetSmartPrep.com)

Flashcards a helpful study aid

Flashcards make for a more effective and enjoyable way to learn.

If you are like most students, you probably have many things to remember and a very limited time in which to learn them. Because of this, it’s important to find quick and efficient ways to study. One of the more efficient study methods that most people are taught as children, involves the use of flashcards. The problem is, however, as most children grow up, they tend to stop using flashcards as a study aid. If like many students, you’ve stopped using flashcards, it’s time to give them another try. Not convinced? Here are some reasons that might change your mind.

1. Flashcards are very economical.

There are many commercially available flashcards that cover a wide variety of topics. Most of them are made from long-lasting materials and can be found in stores for very reasonable prices. For those of you who want to make your own flashcards, the price drops down substantially. You’ll only need to purchase the necessary materials, many of which can already be found around the home. Here’s a hint, index cards make for great flashcards.

2. Flashcards are fully customizable.

Though many topics are available with store-bought flashcards, you might not always be able to find exactly what you are looking for. For this reason, homemade flashcards can be the perfect study aid. You can add all the information you still need to learn, while leaving out the things you already know. Don’t forget to save all of your flashcards for a quick and easy review before midterms or exams.

3. Flashcards take up very little space.

Since flashcards don’t take up much space, they are easily portable. For this reason, they provide an excellent way to study on the go. Just throw a set of flashcards into your pocket or bag and then pull them out whenever you’ve got a spare moment. Some excellent times for running through your flashcards could be during a lunch break, before the start of class, or as you are waiting for the bus. Another great time to run through your flashcards is just before you go to sleep or right after you wake up.

4. Flashcards can make learning more enjoyable.

Because using the same study methods day in and day out can be extremely boring, why not shake things up a bit by using flashcards? Not only will they help to keep you focused for longer periods of time, but many people actually find the change in pace beneficial when the more traditional ways of studying become tedious.

So, if you are one of the many people who used to use flashcards in the past, but have since forgotten their true study merits, it’s time to take another look at this very efficient and cost-effective tool. For the rest of you who have never used flashcards, it’s definitely time to try them out for yourself. Who knows, flashcards might just be what you’ve been looking for to take your study sessions to the next level.

If you found this article helpful, you may also be interested in How to properly prepare for tests and exams. 

How to properly prepare for tests and exams

From the eNotes.com blog, here is this great blog post worth taking a look at: Final Exam Prep: 10 Study Tips to Combat Test Anxiety

It appears that it may be written for more the college student in mind, but definitely some awesome takeaways for high school students here, as well. I encourage you to check it out.

I have some of my own advice and experiences to share, as well. My wisdom where it concerns test and exam preparation comes from my time in college, too, not high school (side note: I was a total slacker in high school, and I still have some regrets about that). But again, that doesn't really matter - the overall concepts and strategies are the same. Here are my thoughts, and they all tie together to form one solid and comprehensive plan to get the most out of your tests and exams:

Cram sessions/all-nighters are often useless and not worth it. If you think you're going to make up for an entire semester's worth (or quarter, unit, etc.) of studying the night before your test or exam, you're only fooling yourself. Sure, a few answers may stick around just long enough in your head, but for the most part, you're not going to remember the real substance you need to. Plus, you're going to feel tired, crabby, and just all-around miserable the day of the test, and so having a few basic answers stick around just long enough is not worth all that agony. Instead, you want to get in the habit of periodically reviewing the semester's (or quarter, unit, etc.) key lessons and takeaways in smaller chunks of time spread out across the period of content covered in the test. Doing so will properly store the answers in your long-term memory and prevent the misery you're going to feel after pulling an all-nighter, which, as we know, has very little to no benefit for you whatsoever. The day of your test or exam, review your notes and study aids when you find a little time here and there - at breakfast, while you're waiting for the bus / on the bus, and definitely during study hall if you have one beforehand. If you've been studying and reviewing all along in shorter batches of time, then this review the day of should be light, casual, and stress-free. Consider buying or making your own flashcards.

And speaking of all-nighters, get some solid sleep - not just the night before the big test day, but make it a regular habit. It's absolutely critical to get regular rest, especially at your age, when you're still developing. Go for that 7-8 hour range every night, and try to make your sleeping hours consistently the same each night (like 9pm-5am or 10pm-6pm).

Watch your diet and have a good dinner and breakfast before the test. Good nutrition is always important. I'm not saying you always have to avoid candy, chips, ice cream, fried and other junk foods. I'm far from being the perfect example when it comes to diet. But try to keep these kinds of foods to a minimum, and work in an adequate amount of the healthy stuff on a consistent basis - your vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, good dairy, etc. Before you get a good night's sleep the evening before the big test, eat a good dinner. Follow that up with a good breakfast the morning of test day. Stay away from the high-fat, salty, sugary, and fast food options.

So, to recap:

• Cramming and all-nighters are not going to work. Instead, break up your studying and review into smaller chunks spread out over a much larger period of time.
• If you follow the first point, then your review the day of should be light, casual, and stress-free.
• Get consistently solid sleep, including a good night's rest the evening before the big test.
• Watch your diet always, but eat a decent dinner and breakfast before the test.
• Consider buying or making your own flashcards as an effective study aid.